Crude ethanolic extract and fractions of Buchholzia coriacea modifies salivary secretion and electrolyte compositions in rat

Abstract

Olugbenga Adeola Odukanmi, Adeola Temitope Salami, Muideen Olayemi Isa, Samuel Babafemi Olaleye

Background: Extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BC) has been reported for its potent antimalarial effect. Unlike certain established antimalarial drugs reported for their roles in modifying saliva flow and components, BC effect on saliva is unknown. The effect of BC on saliva flow and its components was investigated. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats 150.7 ± 13.3 g were used for the study. They were grouped into six (n = 5) and treated with the various component of BC extract for 2 weeks. Group 1 (control) received distilled water, groups 2–6 received 200 mg/ kg of the oily portion of the extract, 100, 200 mg/kg of the crude extract, 200 mg/kg absolute ethanol, and 200 mg/kg aqueous ethanol fractions of BC, respectively. Body weight, salivary flow rate, electrolyte compositions, and salivary glands morphological changes were determined using standard methods. The values were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, compared, analyzed and considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: The ethanol fraction of BC reduced significantly the salivary flow rate (0.03 ± 0.00 ml/minute) compared with control (0.05 ± 0.00 ml/minute). BC oil (44.24 ± 1.18 mmol/l) significantly reduce Na+ concentration compared to control (52.02 ± 2.52 mmol/l), absolute ethanol fraction (54.00 ± 1.59 mmol/l), and aqueous ethanol fractions (54.66 ± 1.66 mmol/l), respectively. The 200 mg/kg aqueous ethanol fraction of BC significantly increase HCO3 - and K+ concentration compared to control. There was a slight distortion on salivary gland of the BC treated groups compared to control. Conclusion: This study suggests that BC modulates salivary flow rate and electrolytes composition in rats.