Development of Drug Addiction in Human and its Categories

Prachi Bawaskar, Department of Molecular Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States, Email: prachibawaskar@gmail.com

Received: 27-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. AJPBP-22-78371; Editor assigned: 31-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. AJPBP-22-78371 (PQ); Reviewed: 14-Nov-2022, QC No. AJPBP-22-78371; Revised: 21-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. AJPBP-22-78371 (R); Published: 28-Nov-2022

Description

Drugs are substances that alter a person’s mental or physical state. They may have an impact on how brain functions, emotions, behaviour, and senses. They are erratic and harmful, particularly for children. Drug effects vary depending on the user and the substance. Drug addiction is characterised by an inability to control drug use and is regarded as a disease that affects brain circuitry and behaviour. Drug addiction causes a shortcut to reward in the brain that, when used repeatedly, can alter how a person processes information. Chronic drug usage can result in drug dependency, which causes cravings and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not present. The fact that various drug types have diverse effects on people has long been understood by physicians.

These drug categories set substances apart based on how they affect the brain and change a person’s attitude and behaviour. Drug makes a person feel while taking it and how it makes a person feel after using it can both contribute to how addictive it is. Drugs can be categorised by the way in which they affect our bodies. Drugs may be grouped based on common symptomatologies or effects. Each of these classes of drugs has the potential to impact a person’s central nervous system and impair their normal faculties, including their capacity for safe operation. Addictive drugs can generally be categorised as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, or opioids.

Stimulants

Drugs in the stimulant class speed the transmission of signals between the brain and body. They may awaken, alert, boost confidence, or energise a person. Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine are examples of stimulants. The brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine are more active when stimulants are taken as prescribed. Prescription stimulants improve focus, energy, and alertness. In addition to causing overdose, its usage can cause psychosis, rage, paranoia, as well as heart, nerve, and stomach issues.

Depressants

Depressants lessen pleasure and arousal. The transmissions between the brain and body are slowed down as a result of their impact on the central nervous system. Depressants lessen excitement and arousal. The messages between the brain and body are slowed down as a result of their impact on the central nervous system. They may impair one’s ability to focus, coordinate, and quickly react to unanticipated events. They can make someone feel less restrained and more relaxed in tiny dosages. Larger doses might result in sleepiness, nausea, unconsciousness, and even death.

Hallucinogens

A wide range of chemicals known as hallucinogens change perception, ideas, and emotions. They result in hallucinations, which are perceptions and pictures that appear real but are not. There are two types of hallucinogens are as traditional hallucinogens and dissociative substances. The broad and varied group of psychoactive substances known as hallucinogens can cause altered states of consciousness that include, among other things, significant changes in perception, mood, and thought. The majority of hallucinogens fall under the psychedelic, dissociative, or deliriant categories.

Opioids

Opioids are compounds that bind to opioid receptors and cause effects similar to those of morphine. In medicine, they are mostly used for anaesthetic and pain treatment. Suppression of diarrhoea, replacement therapy for opioid use disorder, reversing opioid overdose, and suppression of cough are a few further medicinal uses. Only veterinary use of extremely powerful opiates like carfentanil is allowed.

Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the world. Recent developments in neuroscience may contribute to bettering public health policies that aim to lessen the harm that using alcohol, tobacco, and other psychoactive substances causes to society.

Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.